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Alan Turing, pioneer of computing and WWII codebreaker, is one of the most important and influential thinkers of the twentieth century. In this volume for the first time his key writings are made available to a broad, non-specialist readership. They make fascinating reading both in their own right and for their historic significance: contemporary computational theory, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life all spring from this ground-breakingwork, which is also rich in philosophical and logical insight. An introduction by leading Turing expert Jack Copeland provides the background and guides the reader through the selection.About Alan TuringAlan Turing FRS OBE, (1912-1954) studied mathematics at King's College, Cambridge. He was elected a Fellow of King's in March 1935, at the age of only 22. In the same year he invented the abstract computing machines - now known simply as Turing machines - on which all subsequent stored-program digital computers are modelled.During 1936-1938 Turing continued his studies, now at Princeton University. He completed a PhD in mathematical logic, analysing the notion of 'intuition' in mathematics and introducing the idea of oracular computation, now fundamental in mathematical recursion theory. An 'oracle' is an abstract device able to solve mathematical problems too difficult for the universal Turing machine.In the summer of 1938 Turing returned to his Fellowship at King's. When WWII started in 1939 he joined the wartime headquarters of the Government Code and Cypher School (GCCS) at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire. Building on earlier work by Polish cryptanalysts, Turing contributed crucially to the design of electro-mechanical machines ('bombes') used to decipher Enigma, the code by means of which the German armed forces sought to protect their radio communications. Turing's work on theversion of Enigma used by the German navy was vital to the battle for supremacy in the North Atlantic. He also contributed to the attack on the cyphers known as 'Fish'. Based on binary teleprinter code, Fish was used during the latter part of the war in preference to morse-based Enigma for the encryption ofhigh-level signals, for example messages from Hitler and other members of the German High Command. It is estimated that the work of GCCS shortened the war in Europe by at least two years. Turing received the Order of the British Empire for the part he played.In 1945, the war over, Turing was recruited to the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in London, his brief to design and develop an electronic computer - a concrete form of the universal Turing machine. Turing's report setting out his design for the Automatic Computing Engine (ACE) was the first relatively complete specification of an electronic stored-program general-purpose digital computer. Delays beyond Turing's control resulted in NPL's losing the race to build the world's first workingelectronic stored-program digital computer - an honour that went to the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory at Manchester University, in June 1948. Discouraged by the delays at NPL, Turing took up the Deputy Directorship of the Royal Society Computing Machine Laboratory in that year.Turing was a founding father of modern cognitive science and a leading early exponent of the hypothesis that the human brain is in large part a digital computing machine, theorising that the cortex at birth is an 'unorganised machine' which through 'training' becomes organised 'into a universal machine or something like it'. He also pioneered Artificial Intelligence.Turing spent the rest of his short career at Manchester University, being appointed to a specially created Readership in the Theory of Computing in May 1953. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in March 1951 (a high honour). About the Turing Digital Archive About Alan Turing. Alan Mathison Turing was born on 23 June 1912 the son of Julius Mathison Turing a civil servant in India and (Ethel) Sara Turing the daughter ... Turing test - Wikipedia The Turing test is a test developed by Alan Turing in 1950 of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to or indistinguishable from that of ... Alan Turing: the logical and physical basis of computing Alan Turing: the logical and physical basis of computing Andrew Hodges Wadham College University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PN U.K. This paper is based on the talk ... Turing codec An open-source HEVC encoder The Turing codec is an H.265/HEVC software video encoder and decoder for efficient video compression. The codec is optimised for fast encoding of large resolution ... Alan Turing - Publications by Andrew Hodges This page is a guide to the articles and papers by me which supplement the published books . Alan Turing: The Enigma and; Turing: a natural philosopher. Computing Machinery and Intelligence A.M. Turing COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE By A. M. Turing . 1. The Imitation Game. I propose to consider the question "Can machines think?" This should begin with ... Alan Turing - NNDB Alan Turing was a British mathematician cryptographer and computer scientist often credited as the founder of computer science. In 1936 he developed the concept of ... Alan Turing: The Enigma (Andrew Hodges) Alan Turing: The Enigma biography of Alan Turing (1912-1954) by Andrew Hodges. Alan Turing - Wikipedia Although Turing's proof was published shortly after Alonzo Church's equivalent proof using his lambda calculus Turing's approach is considerably more accessible and ... What is Turing test? - Definition from WhatIs.com What is the Turing Test? This definition explains this standard concept in artificial intelligence (AI) in which the test of an artificial system is whether it can ...
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